ABSTRACT
Introduction:The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic is a continuing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), result in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). By May 27th, 2020, over 5.61million people have been infected with COVID 19 across the globe in over 200 countries with more than 350,000 deaths. So far more than 2.3million people have recoveredfrom the COVID 19 pandemic.Objective:To review literatures associated withvarious pathophysiology on the body systems identified and published so as to guide effective management of patient with COVID 19. To highlight some pathological dimensions of the systems significantly affected by COVID 19 to identify gaps for the enhancement of further studies Methodology:The LILACS-BIREME, SCIELO, PUBMED, ACADEMIA, SCIENCE DOMAIN databases and some textbooks were accessed for the study. Scientific papers published in English between January and May, 2020 on the pathophysiology of COVID 19 were reviewed. A total of 89 reports published between 1stJanuary 2020 to 29thMay 2020 were identified and reviewed. Sixty-sevenpublications meeting the inclusion criterion on COVID 19 pathophysiology were selected for this review. Finally, an analysis was conducted and the papers were assessed in agreement with the study objectives.Results andDiscussion:The review has discovered different pathophysiological changes on about sevenbody systems namely respiratory, cardiovascular, hematological, nervous, urinary, digestive and reproductive systems.Conclusion:There are a lot of pathophysiological dimensions that have devastating effect on the body systems which may need immediate investigations, treatmentand further studies.
ABSTRACT
Aims: To assess the semen characteristics of primary and secondary male infertile couples in the Kumasi metropolis. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi; between February 2012 and May 2013. Methodology: The study involved 150 men whose female partners reported to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Komfo Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Ashanti Region of Ghana for infertility treatment. Semen of the respondents were examined for various characteristics (viscosity, pH, volume, presence of RBC and bacteria, motility, etc). Results: Eighty-eight partners involved in the study representing 59% of total respondents were partners of primary infertile couples whereas 41% were partners of secondary infertile couples. Semen abnormalities were reported in terms of sperm motility, sperm concentration, pH and presence of bacteria and these were significantly different among primary and secondary infertile couples. Conclusion: Sperm abnormalities influence infertility among males of infertile couples. There is the urgent need to include male partners in the screening, detection and treatment of infertility among couples.